Mastering Active Directory Enumeration & Attacks: HTB Academy Module Review

Active Directory (AD) is at the heart of most enterprise networks, serving as a robust identity and access management system. However, its complexity also makes it a prime target for attackers. For penetration testers, understanding how to enumerate and exploit Active Directory environments is a non-negotiable skill. This is where HTB Academy’s „Active Directory Enumeration & Attacks“ module comes into play.

Dubbed as one of the most comprehensive modules in HTB’s learning path, it’s a deep dive into AD enumeration and attack techniques. Whether you’re a budding pentester or an experienced professional aiming to sharpen your AD skills, this module promises to cover everything you need.

Why This Module Matters

Active Directory is everywhere in the corporate world. Misconfigurations, legacy protocols, and human error make it a rich hunting ground for attackers. To effectively secure AD environments or exploit them during an assessment, you need to know the tools and techniques inside out. This module covers not just the basics but also dives into more advanced topics, bridging the gap between theory and practice.

What You’ll Learn

The module starts with foundational Active Directory concepts and builds up to advanced attack techniques. Here’s an overview of the key areas:

Foundational Knowledge

An introduction to AD architectures and how it functions.
Core enumeration principles to map the attack surface effectively.

Enumeration Tools & Techniques

Tools like BloodHound, Kerbrute, and others are explained and demonstrated.
External recon and internal enumeration, focusing on tactics like SMB Null sessions, password spraying, and LLMNR/NBT-NS poisoning.

Attack Tactics

Lateral movement techniques to compromise multiple hosts.
Exploiting trust relationships, including cross-forest and parent-child domain trusts.
Credential attacks such as Kerberoasting and DCSync.

Living Off the Land (LotL)

Learn how to use native tools and commands to carry out stealthy attacks, avoiding detection.

Defensive Strategies

The module doesn’t just stop at attacks. It highlights Active Directory hardening techniques and additional auditing measures to secure enterprise environments.

Hands-On Learning

What sets this module apart is its interactive labs. Guided exercises walk you through the tools and commands, while non-guided labs challenge you to apply what you’ve learned. From password spraying to ACL enumeration, you’ll get plenty of practice in a controlled environment.

Prerequisites

To get the most out of this module, you’ll need a solid understanding of:

Windows and Linux command-line fundamentals
Basic networking and infosec principles
Prior exposure to Active Directory (the „Introduction to AD“ module is a great starting point)

Why You Should Take This Module

This module is essential for mastering Active Directory security, offering a basic yet effective mix of theory and hands-on practice. It provides practical skills to confidently tackle real-world AD challenges.

Final Thoughts

The Active Directory Enumeration & Attacks module is more than just a course, it’s a toolbox for anyone serious about pentesting AD environments.

RATING: 9/10

I’d rate this module a solid 9/10. It’s a fantastic resource that covers a ton of material and, as I mentioned, it’s the biggest module in the „Active Directory Pentester Path.“ The skill assessment, though…. that was tough! Definitely not for the faint of heart and beginner nerves, but it’s worth the pain.

For those interested, here’s a look at the exam table of contents:

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